Примеры  заданий на понимание содержания текста и его интерпретацию

и рекомендации по их выполнению

Reading Comprehension.Задания на понимание содержания текста и его интерпретацию. Рекомендации по выполнению заданий.

1. Начните выполнение задания с ознакомительного чтения. После первого прочтения текста постарайтесь ответить для себя на общие вопросы по содержанию: Какова главная тема? Какая ещё информация приводится в тексте: причины, следствия, тенденции явления, примеры?Постарайтесь также определить, что вызвало у вас наибольшие трудности – понимание сюжета текста и его деталей, лексика, грамматика и.т.д. 
2. Не рекомендуется выполнять задания по выбору правильного ответа, не дочитав текст до конца или прочитав его только один раз: даже если вы поняли в основном содержание текста, какие-то детали сюжета могут ускользнуть от вашего внимания. После первого прочтения ознакомьтесь с заданием и определите, касается ли оно общего понимания текста или деталей его содержания.
3.  Прочитайте текст во второй раз, стараясь глубже понять его содержание и догадаться по контексту о значении незнакомых слов и выражений.
4. При выполнении задания № 1 (на понимание основного содержания и выбор правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных) обратите внимание на лексические тонкости формулировки: они не цитируют текст, а перефразируют содержащуюся в нём информацию. Иногда в формулировке неправильного ответа может содержаться лексика, встречающаяся в тесте, но не имеющая отношение к ответу на данный вопрос. В заключение, прочтите выбранный вами ответ на вопрос, убедитесь в том, что он соответствует вашему пониманию содержания прочитанного.
5. При выполнении задания № 2 (на понимание деталей содержания и установление соответствия / несоответствия предложенных утверждений содержанию прочитанного) не забудьте дать обоснование, сделанного выбора. Помните о том, что вы получаете баллы только за правильно выполненные обе части данного задания: отсутствие обоснования, даже при правильном выборе утверждения «истинно / ложно», лишает вас баллов за данный вопрос.
    

Ниже мы приводим примерный перечень тематики текстов, ситуаций общения и эссе, которые могут встретиться в олимпиадных заданиях:
-Проблемы современной молодёжи.
-Учёба, образование в нашей жизни.
-Молодёжная мода.
-Досуг современной молодёжи: хобби, интересы и т.д.
-Современная семья: состав, стереотипы, тенденции.
-Современный дом: концепции, характеристики, тенденции.
-Внешность, характер: идеал красоты, стереотипы и т.д.
-Средства массовой информации, телевидение, реклама в нашей жизни.
-Достижения технического прогресса в нашей жизни: Интернет, мобильный телефон и т.д.
- Спорт в нашей жизни: здоровый образ жизни, профессиональный и любительский спорт.
- Каникулы, путешествия: индивидуальные предпочтения, национальные обычаи и традиции.
- Еда, гастрономия: национальные обычаи и традиции, интернационализация кухни, здоровый образ жизни.
- Праздники: национальные традиции и обычаи.
- Здоровье: культ тела, здоровый образ жизни.
- Экология, защита окружающей среды.

Пример олимпиадного задания № 1 (Английский язык)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к нему.
                              Just how good are “healthy” ready meals?
          Bustling British life partly explains the growing reliance on ready meals. The challenge, however, is to find a ready meal that may actually do you some nutritional good. True, all supermarkets turn out their individual “healthy eating” ranges that are lower in fat than standard ready meals. Yet many still vary widely in the amount of salt and sugar they contain, are low in fibre and short on vegetables.
         Of course it is good to know that there are some people who really do want to make ready meals good for you. It was a healthy eating author, Ian Marber, who first launched his range of Food Doctor ready meals,
For a start, you can see the food through the clear window on the package, and they come with the promise of no artificial colours or flavourings. You can trust that all the nutrients are well balanced.
        Other independent enterpreneurs are following suit. Stephen Purdew, the owner of the Champneys spa group, offers delicious, fresh meals created by top chefs from his resorts. Like Marber’s range, there are no artificial additives; just good, honest ingredients. And, not surprisingly, they stack up nutritionally.
        Supermarkets have been quick to recognize this trend for a better class of fresh-style, healthy ready meal and have been busy rustling up their own versions.
Many of this new generation of “healthy” ready meals claim to be free of artificial colours and flavours and to provide a serving of vegetables towards our “five a day”. But the lack of consistency in their interpretation of the newly popular nutritionally balanced label can be confusing.
Ответьте на вопрос по содержанию прочитанного текста, выбрав только один из предложенных ответов. Занесите выбранный вами ответ в таблицу.

1. Why does the author think you can’t be sure that popular nutritionally balanced ready meals are really good for your health?                                                                                                                a)Such meals aren’t high in fruits and vegetables
   b)There is general lack of understanding of what a serving is
   c)Food development teams don’t have a clear definition of what nutritionally balanced really means.
   d)Nutritionally balanced ready meals don’t provide you with an adequate amount of all essential vitamins and minerals.                                                                                                        Прочтите утверждения и определите, имеют ли они отношение к содержанию текста («истинно / ложно»). Занесите выбранный вами ответ в таблицу. Обоснуйте свой выбор.
2.  You can check the food offered by Ian Marber for nutrients only by poring over the labels.
   a) False b) True                                                                                                                           Аргументы : ___________________________________________________
3. Some nutritionally balanced ready to eat meals can appear just a nutritional rollercoaster.
   a) True b) False
   Аргументы: _____________________________________________________

Внимание! В таблице указаны правильные ответы!

1	2	3
c	a	a

Verbs with Prepositions

1.     Many verbs that are used without an object are normally followed by a prepositional phrase. Some verbs take a particular preposition:

belong to hint at lead to qualify for sympathize with

consist of hope for listen to refer to

happen to insist on pay for relate to

2.     With other verbs that are used without an object, the choice of a different preposition may alter the meaning of the clause.

agree on/with appeal to/for conform to/with

result from/in think about/of        apologize for/ to

care about/of remind about/of               suffer from/with

 3. With verbs that are used without an object, different prepositions are used to introduce different types of information.
‘about’ indicates the subject matter

care explain talk

complain hear think

do know write

dream   speak

‘at’ indicates direction

glance look stare

glare point

grin shoot

laugh shout  smile

‘for’ indicates purpose or reason

apologize look

apply search

ask wait

leave

‘into’ indicates the object involved in a collision

bump

crash

drive

run

‘of’ indicates facts of information

hear think

know

speak

talk

‘on’ indicates confidence or certainty

congratulate

count

depend

plan

rely

‘to’ indicates the listener or reader

complain speak

explain talk

listen write

say

‘with’ indicates someone whose opinion is the same or different

agree

argue

disagree

side

4. Some verbs have an object, but are also followed by a preposition.

EXERCISES

Put in the correct prepositions (to, about, at, from, for, in, into, of, on, with):

1. I want to talk ___ the group ___ their exams.

2. All last winter he suffered ___coughs and colds.

3. When will you write ___ Bill ___your plans?

4. If you don’t understand any of these words, you could refer ___ a dictionary.

5. The accident sadly result ___ the death of a man.

6. The police are appealing ___ witnesses to come forward.

7. It wasn’t his car, in fact I don’t know who it belongs ___ .

8. Nurses are very badly paid, I think they should insist ___ higher rates of pay.

9. The poor driver – I really sympathize ___ him, it wasn’t his fault.

10. The buses are often late, so you can’t depend ___ them.

11. Do you qualify ___ a state pension when you are 55?

12. Keep enough money to pay ___ your ticket.

13. Have you heard ___ what had happened ___ him? Oh, I don’t care ___ him.

14. I said ___ you I was thinking ___ going to America. I actually dreamt ___ it.

15. She listened ___me and then told me ___ her problems.

16. The bus ran ___ the wall of a house.

17. People started to shout ___the driver.

18. Who was the boy you were all laughing ___ ?

19. I saw somebody staring ___me from the other side of the road.

20. He was always arguing ___ his brother.

21. I bumped ___ an old friend the other day.

22. I agree ___you that we should wait a bit longer ___her.

23. She never apologizes ___ arriving late.

24. I thought we should look ___someone else to do the job.

25. If you want to travel, that would be a good job to apply ___ .

26. The land belongs ___ a rich man.

27. She then referred ___ the Minister’s report.

28. I congratulate her ___ her success in the exams.

29. The boss disagreed ___ me.

30. The match resulted ___ a draw.

31. His failure resulted ___ lack of attention to details.

32. Tonight I’m going to talk ___ engines.

33. You can count ___ me.

34. You can rely ___ him to be polite.

35. They complained ___ me about the noise.

36. Mary turned her head to speak ___ him.

37. The daughters sided ___ their mothers.

38. Can I speak ___ Jane, please?

39. Can you explain this word ___ me?

40. Can you explain ___ me what you mean?

41. He told me his name but I can’t think ___ it now.

42. This house reminds me ___ the one I lived in when I was a child.

43. We called the doctor because Nick was complaining ___a pain in his stomach.

44. That’s a good idea. Why didn’t I think ___ that?

45. Look at this photograph of Ann. Who does she remind you ___ ?

46. She left Boston ___ Paris when she was 19.

47. If something is wrong, why don’t you do something ___ it?

48. Peter likes his job but he doesn’t talk ___ it much.

49. I like to listen ___ the radio while I’m having breakfast.

50. Please don’t shout ___ me!

Adjectives with Prepositions

1. When you use an adjective after a link verb, you can often use the adjective on its own or followed by a prepositional phrase.
2. Some adjectives cannot be used alone after a link verb, if they are followed by a prepositional phrase, they must have a particular preposition:

aware of, accustomed to, fond of, unaware of, unaccustomed to, used to, different from/to, sorry about/for. 
 

3. Some adjectives can be used alone or followed by a particular preposition:
       a. Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the cause of a feeling:

afraid, ashamed, convinced, critical, envious, frightened, jealous, proud, scared, suspicious, terrified, tired.
 

       b. Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the person who has a quality:

brave, careless, clever, generous, good, intelligent, kind, nice, polite, sensible, silly, stupid, thoughtful, unkind, unreasonable, wrong.


       c. Used alone or with ‘to’, usually referring to:

similarity: close, equal, identical, related, similar;
marriage: married, engaged;
loyalty: dedicated, devoted, loyal, and their opposites;
rank: junior, senior.

      d. Used alone or followed by ‘with’ to specify the cause of a feeling:

bored, content, displeased, dissatisfied, impatient, impressed, pleased, satisfied.

      e. Used alone or with ‘at’, usually referring to:

strong reaction: amazed, astonished, shocked, surprised;
ability: bad, excellent, good, hopeless, useless.

      f. Used alone or with ‘for’ to specify the person or the thing that quality relates to:

common, difficult, easy, essential, important, necessary, possible, unnecessary, unusual, usual.

4. Some adjectives can be used alone or with different prepositions.
     a. Used alone or with an impersonal subject and ‘of’ and the subject of the action, or with   a  personal subject and ‘to’ and the object of the action:

cruel, friendly, generous, good, kind, mean, nasty, nice, polite, rude, unfriendly, unkind.

     b. Used alone, with ‘about’ to specify a thing or ‘with’ to specify a person:

angry, annoyed, delighted, disappointed, fed up, furious, happy, upset.


EXERCISES:
Put in the correct prepositions: of, to, with, at, about, for, from.

1. He was afraid _____ his enemies.
2. I’ve always been terribly fond _____ you.
3. He is unaccustomed _____ the heat.
4. They may feel jealous _____ your success.
5. I was terrified _____ her.
6. That was clever _____ you.
7. I turned the job down, which was stupid ________ me.
8. My problems are very similar _____ yours.
9. He was dedicated _____ his job.
10. I could never be bored _____ football.
11. He was very pleased _____ her.
12. He was shocked _____ the hatred they had shown.
13. She had always been bad _____ languages.
14. It’s difficult _____ young people to be on their own.
15. It was unusual _____ them to go away at the weekend.
16. It was rude _____ him to leave so suddenly.
17. She was rude _____ him for no reason.
18. She was still angry _____ the results.
19. They’re getting pretty fed up _____ him.
20. If you continue to support someone who is in trouble you are loyal _____ them.
21. If two things are almost the same, one is similar _____ the other.
22. Someone who is a fine athlete is good _____ games.
23. I was proud _____ my brother.
24. I’m very much surprised _____ you. I can’t understand the way you behave.
25. Life is very different _____ what it used to be.
26. Who is responsible _____ this mess?
27. I’m delighted _______ the result. It’s exactly what I wanted.
28. In the army, a sergeant is senior _____ a corporal.
29. If two things are exactly the same one is identical _____ the other.
30. If something makes you very unhappy, you are very upset _____ it.
31. If someone makes you very angry, you are furious _____ him.
32. If you feel that you do not trust someone, you are suspicious _____ him.
33. If you treat someone very well, you are being kind _____ him.
34. If you have agreed to marry someone, you are engaged _____ him.
35. Everyone was very critical _________ the way he behaved.
36. We were very happy _____ the way they treated us.
37. I was very displeased _____ the way they looked.
38. I feel sorry _____ Nick. He has a lot of problems.
39. I’m sorry _____ the noise last night. We were having a party.
40. That was not very polite _____ you.
41. Why are you always so rude _____ your parents?
42. Were you disappointed _____ your exam results?

 

Five-a-side football

Five-a-side game on astroturf pitch, Singapore

Five-a-side football is a variation of association football in which each team fields five players (four outfield players and a goalkeeper), rather than the usual eleven on each team. Other differences from football include a smaller pitch, smaller goals, and a reduced game duration. Matches are played indoors, or outdoors on AstroTurf or artificial grass pitches that may be enclosed within a barrier or "cage" to prevent the ball from leaving the playing area and keep the game flowing.

Сравнительные конструкции (Types of Comparisons)

Прилагательные и наречия употребляются в следующих сравнительные конструкциях:

a) as … (positive degree) … as - такой же … как / так же … как
e.g. The boy is as tall as my brother . He runs as fast as you do.
Is it as good as you expected ? She speaks French as well as the rest of us.
1)You can put ‘nearly’,’almost’, or ‘just’ in front of “as …. as”
~London is nearly as expensive as Tokyo.
~In summer,in Tokyo just as hot as the desert.
2) You can put ‘twice’,’ three times’,’ half’ in front of “as …. as”
twice as large as; three times as large as; twice as fast as ; twice as fast

Travelling

TYPES  OF  TRANSPORT





                                             Замечательно проводить время (идиома)

Holiday English 

Holidays

Travelling puzzle
 

TRAVEL & TOURISM

TRAVEL TRAVEL – general activity of moving from place to place TYPES OF TRAVEL a) domestic: within one’s own country b) abroad: to or in another country or countries c) overseas: to, at or in somewhere across the sea d) foreign: to, from, of, in, being or concerning a country/nation that is not one’s own Travels – a series of journeys, esp. abroad, over a period of time Traveler (Amer.)  1) one who travels Traveller (Brit.) 1) one who travels 2) travelling salesman 3) person pursuing an alternative lifestyle, a gypsy Tripper (Brit.) a person on a day’s outing Travelogue (Amer.) a film or talk describing travel to a particular place Journey (Brit.) the time spent and distance covered going from one place to another Trip (Amer.) the time spent and distance covered going from one place to another Trip (Brit.) short journey or one on which you spend only a short time in another place and then come back COLLOCATIONS ADVERBS TRAVEL abroad by air / road / sea / rail cheaply, expensively extensively, widely far and wide frequently, rarely, seldom in comfort / luxury style on foot / horseback round the world light (carrying little luggage) incognito (in disguise) ADJECTIVES Experienced Indefatigable Intrepid Seasoned Unwary TRAVELER To be well-traveled. Someone who has visited many different places around the world. Globetrotter. Someone who travels around the world a lot for business or pleasure. To travel around. Travel to many different places, especially if not carefully planned. To see the world. Travel to many different places so you get the experience of living in other countries. Strong Desire to Travel Wanderlust – strong desire to travel and experience life in other countries Itchy Feet – desire which makes it difficult for someone to stay in one place for very long Sightseeing – visiting famous or interesting places, esp. by tourists Tourist traps – commercialized tourist attractions, often costing too much Touristy (derog) – full of tourists or suitable for them Tourist attraction – a place or event which attracts large numbers of tourists Tourist class (on a ship or aircraft) – the standard, economy class fare and service which are fairly cheap and suitable for ordinary travelers WAYS OF TRAVELING  Overland – travel by train, car, bus etc., esp. a long distance when people would normally go by plane Hitchhike, hitch a ride – to stop a passing car to take you to a place you want to go Voyage – to travel by sea or spacecraft Cruise – to sail or travel over or about for pleasure Explore – travel, because you are interested to find out more Junket – 1) an outing 2) a trip taken by a public official or businessman 3) an excursion Tour – 1) to travel around, esp. for pleasure / interest 2) a specific route of sightseeing, often with a guide To do (Europe / Spain / the Greek Islands) – to travel to many different places, esp. as part of a planned holiday En route – traveling from one specific place to another Bound, bound for – traveling in a particular direction (London bound) To cross – to travel across a very large area such as a desert, an ocean or an area of mountains a TRAVELER Amer. a TRAVELLER Brit. a TOURIST a VOYAGER a TREKKER a PILGRIM a WANDERER a ROVER an EXCURSIONIST an EXPLORER a WAYFARER a RAMBLER a DAY TRIPPER TRAVELS TRAVELS TOURS VOYAGES TREKS on foot (long, difficult jorney) goes on a PILGMAGE WANDERS (on foot) ROVERS (on foot) goes on an EXCURSION (short, for pleasure) EXPLORES goes WAYFARING (on foot) RAMBLES (on foot) goes on DAY TRIPS (short, for pleasure) JOURNEY COLLOCSTIONS  VERBS commence complete embark on end go on make plan send somebody on set off / out on start undertake A JOURNEY ADJECTIVES adventurous arduous dangerous exciting exhausting, tiring hazardous homeward long, short outward (un)pleasant return strenuous triumphant uneventfu JOURNEY TRIP VERBS arrange cancel embark on go for / on have make / organize plan postpone take A TRIP ADJECTIVES business day disastrous enjoyable extended holiday long, short (un)pleasant round-the-world (un)successful tiring weekend TRIP

IN OTHER WORDS all over the earth & all over the world & the world over in many parts of the world; in every country or area of the world; everywhere all the way from the beginning to the end; the entire distance, from start to finish bag and baggage break camp come from far and wide with one’s luggage; with all one’s possessions come to rest to close down a campsite; to pack up and move on downhill all the way easy all the way drop around (sometime) & drop around & drop by to come and visit (someone) at some future time drop in on someone & drop in & drop in to say hello to pay someone a casual visit, perhaps a surprise visit end of the road & end of the line the end; the end of the whole process; death (line originally referred to railroad tracks) every which way in all directions find one’s way (around) & find one’s way to be able to move about an area satisfactorily get back to return (from some place) get something underway to get something started get underway to start moving; to start (the word get can be replaced with be) know one’s way around & know one’s way about to know how to get from one place to another lead the way to lead (someone) along the proper pathway lose your bearings to become confused about where you are or what you should do next part company (with someone) to leave someone; to depart from someone pick one’s way to move along a route full of obstacles round-trip ticket (Am.) & return-ticket (Br.) a ticket (for a plane, train, bus, etc.) which allows one to go to a destination and return see someone home to accompany someone home set sail (for somewhere) to depart in a boat for somewhere settle down to settle into a stable way of life spin one’s wheels to be in motion, but get nowhere take a walk & take a hike to leave somewhere the world is your oyster used to tell someone that there is no limit to the opportunities that they have to take a compass bearing to take a direction or angle as shown by a compass When in Rome do as the Romans do. a proverb meaning that one should behave in the same way that the local people behave Submitted by Erin Bouma