Thank  you  very  much!!!

Frank Sinatra My Way
The Beatles All My Loving
Frank Sinatra Fly Me to the Moon

 Linking  Words

'Would' Test

London-of-the-future

На этот раз поговорим о новостях кинематографа. Актер Клайв Оуэн сыграл главную роль в фильме Children of Men "Дитя человеческое" (Children of Men) - так называется жутковатая киноистория о недалеком будущем, в котором женщины больше не могут рожать, а мир трещит по швам от происков террористов, наплыва мигрантов-нелегалов и уличных беспорядков. Действие фильма происходит в Лондоне в 2027 году. По словам режиссера картины Альфонсо Куарона, он хотел снять фильм про то, что творится сейчас, "отразить темы и явления, которые влияют на жизнь в начале XXI века с точки зрения британца". Триллеру Children of Men была посвящена одна из радиопрограмм Learning English Всемирной службы Би-би-си, запись которой позволит вам, друзья, окунуться в удивительный мир кино и попутно совершенствовать английский. СЛУШАЙТЕ ЗАПИСЬ ПРОГРАММЫ (5 мин.) Полный текст программы на английском языке - здесь Vocabulary from the programme: a chase movie - кинокартина с многочисленными сценами погони и преследований a cautionary tale - зд. фильм-предостережение hand-held camera scenes - киносцены, снятые ручной камерой (во время их просмотра у зрителей может возникнуть ощущение, что они сами являются действующими лицами фильма) to be on the edge of seat - зд. сидеть как на иголках (испытывая при кинопросмотре сильное возбуждение или даже страх)

Abbreviations Test

Application Letter Vocabulary

Piliocolobus badius waldronae
Kingdom	Animalia	Miss Waldron's Red Colobus. Unknown copyright licence.
Phylum	Chordata
Class	Mammalia
Order	Primates
Family	Cercopithecidae
Subfamily	Colobinae
Genus	Piliocolobus
Species	Piliocolobus badius
Subspecies	Piliocolobus badius waldronae
Authority	(Hayman, 1936)
English Name	Miss Waldron's Red Colobus; Miss Waldron's Bay Colobus
Dutch Name	Miss Waldron Rode Franjeaap
French Name	Colobe Rouge de Miss Waldron; Colobe Bai de Miss Waldron
German Name	Miss Waldrons Roter Stummelaffe
Synonyms	Colobus badius waldronae, Colobus badius waldroni, Procolobus badius waldronae, Procolobus badius waldroni

Taxonomy	This primate is treated by some under the genus Procolobus. (Butynski, T. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group 2000) Whether Miss Waldron's red colobus constituted a species or subspecies is an unsettled question among scientist.
Comments	Oates et al. (2000) presented evidence that suggested Procolobus badius waldronae was probably extinct because of hunting by humans. The Primate Specialist Group agreed at the time that the available evidence suggested that this taxon is probably extinct, but they argued that it does not fulfil the IUCN criteria for extinction, which is: "there is no reasonable doubt that its last individual has died." Since the announcement by Oates et al. (2000) there have been reported sightings of individuals of this taxon. (Butynski, T. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group 2000) However, it is not yet rediscovered and it is possible that it has been gone meanwhile! This website lists this primate as 'missing (possibly extinct)'.
Characteristics	This red-and-black monkey was brightly coloured, typically lived in groups of 20 of more, and called to each other frequently.
Lifestyle	This monkey typically lived in groups of 20 or more, and called to each other frequently.
Range & Habitat	This west-African red-and-black monkey was restricted to parts of Ghana and Ivory Coast. The species had a limited distribution between two rivers in both countries and it could only survive in high-canopy forest (rainforest).
History & Population	The Miss Waldron's red colobus was first described by scientists in 1936, based on eight specimens shot in 1933 by Willoughby P. Lowe, a collector for British museums. It was named for one Miss F. Waldron, who was described in various references as a travelling companion of Mr. Lowe. (Revkin 2000) The extinction of this monkey was not a surprise to wildlife experts. The last confirmed sighting of a Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey was in 1978 in the rainforest of Ghana. It was listed as endangered in 1988.

Inversion

                                     Inversion. ( Инверсия )

1.    Инверсия-это такой порядок слов в английском предложении, когда подлежащее стоит после сказуемого или между его частями. Инверсия употребляется для большей выразительности речи. Если подлежащее выражено существительным, то инверсия имеет место. Если подлежащее выражено местоимением, то имеет место эмфаза. Эмфаза- это такой порядок слов, когда второстепенные члены предложения стоят в начале предложения, что придает ему большую эмоциональность.

2.    The order of words in English is, as a rule, fixed:

  

the Subject  /  the Predicate / Objects  / Adverbial Modifiers.

    

The order of words in which the subject is placed after the predicate is called  inverted order, or  inversion.

                                  Inversion occurs in the following cases:

In questions which are not put to the subject-в любом вопросе кроме вопроса к подлежащему.

Where can I find a more interesting book?     Are they still at home?   

!!!  BUT: Who can answer my question?  What animal have been found there?

In exclamatory sentences expressing wish in which the verb is in the Subjunctive Mood - в восклицательных предложениях, которые начинаются «Да здравствует....», «Пусть...», «Будь...»

Long live the heroism of Russian people! Да здравствует героизм русских людей!

Мау  you be happy!   Будьте счастливы!

Мay this day be very joyful!  Пусть этот день будет очень веселым!

 When the sentence is introduced by there - в предложениях с there is..../ there are......

There have been many events this year . В  этом году произошло много событий.

There are many roller-coasters in this amusement park.В этом парке много американских горок.

IIn the following constructions So can I,   Neither do I......... - в кратких ответах, переводимых на русский язык     ......и я (он, она, мы...) тоже.

You can do it and so can I. I must leave now. So must I. She is sleeping. So is he.

I have never liked detective stories. Neither have I.

We have never been there. Neither have they.

  In the reported speech ( в словах автора после прямой речи)

«It’s absurd», said Ann.  «I haven’t seen him there», repeated the boy.

«This is what I want», said my friend.

  When  the  adverbial modifier of place or time opens the sentence - если предложение начинается  с обстоятельства места или времени, а подлежащее определено придаточным предложением.

In the middle of the room stood the furniture, bought not long ago in France. Посреди комнаты стояла мебель, купленная на днях во Франции.

At the beginning of June returned John Gordon Wilsey, one of the most famous, loved hated and discussed politicians. В начале июня вернулся Джон Гордон Уилси - один из самых известных, любимых, ненавистных и обсуждаемых политиков.

Adverbial modifiers expressed by such words as     so, thus, then, here, now, there  open the sentence -  в предложениях, начинающихся со слов : so, thus, then, here, now, there.

Thus ended this war.  Так закончилась эта война.  Here comes Fredy!

So ended the terrible seige of the castle.   Thus began their friendship.

!!!  BUT: Thus it ended. Так она закончилась.   There she goes. ( The subject is expressed by a pronoun)

  An adverbial modifier with a negative meaning opens the sentence: never, in vain, little.

     - в предложениях, начинающихся с отрицательных обстоятельств: never, in vain, little.

In vain did he try to persuade her!  Тщетно пытался он убедить ее.

Little does he knew about his mother!  Мало же он знал о своей матери!

Never have I been so happy as now.  Little did he think about it then.

When structures : 

no sooner…… than ( как только….. так сразу), 

hardly / scarcely…..when  ( едва...как), 

only .... (только.., только после  этого, в начале..., на мгновение),

not only......but ( не только.... но и ...), 

...nor... (не...., и не....) open the sentence.

No sooner had he entered the room than everybody stopped talking. Как  только он вошел в комнату, все замолчали.

Scarcely had we begun to discuss this matter when she stood up and left the room. Едва мы начали обсуждать этот вопрос, как она встала и вышла из комнаты.

Only after her death did he realise how he loved her. Только после ее смерти он понял как он любил ее.

Not only was he aware of it, but he approved of it. Он не только знал об этом, но и оправдывал это.

He could not dance. Nor did he try to learn. Он не умел танцевать и учиться он не пытался.

Adverbial modifiers of manner expressed by adverbs open the sentence - предложение

начинается с обстоятельства образа действия:(сказуемое - подлежащее-сказуемое)

Calmly and silently did they listen to him. Спокойно и молчаливо они слушали его.

Loudly and cheerfully did the children greet him.

So  followed by an adverbial modifier opens the sentence - предложение начинается с so...that... - сказуемое - подлежащее- сказуемое

So often did he speak about it, that he bored everybody. Он так часто говорил об этом, что нагонял на всех скуку.

So perfectly did he do his work that it won a prize.

In vivid speech when the sentence begins with an adverb of direction : in, out, away, down (if the subject is expressed by a noun). Предложение начинается  с наречия  направления: in, out, away, down , если подлежащее выражено существительным - сказуемое - подлежащее.

Up went the balloon. Вверх  взлетел шарик.         Out came the car.    Off went the gun.

!!!  BUT: Up it went. Вверх он взлетел.

When an object or an adverbial modifier expressed by a word group with not a ..., many a..... opens  the sentence.

Not a (single) mistake did he make. Он не сделал ни одной ошибки.

Many a horrible story does he know. Много же ужасных историй он знает.

Many a sleepless night did he spend.

When a predicative (sometimes preceded by so or expressed by such ) opens the sentence (if the subject is expressed by a noun).  Предложение начинается с именной части составного именного сказуемого (предикатива), если подлежащее выражено существительным - (сказуемое - подлежащее).

Such a strange man was Mr Antony that nobody liked him.  Таким странным человеком был мистер Энтони, что никто его не любил.

So cold was the night that they made a fire.   Such were the events of the day!

!!!  BUT: So strange he was, that nobody understood him. Он был таким странным, что никто его не понимал.

In clauses of concession where the predicative is followed by the conjunction as ( if the subject is expressed by a noun). В уступительных придаточных предложениях, начинающихся со слова хотя -   (сказуемое - подлежащее)

Cold as was the water, they went swimming. Хотя вода была холодной, мы пошли купаться.

Rich as was the merchant, they did not envy him.

!!!  BUT: Hard as it was, we managed to do it. Хотя было трудно, мы смогли это сделать.

In conditional sentences in the Subjunctive Mood when  if  is not used, and only with the verbs : had, was, were, should, could. В условных предложениях , когда если  опускается , а сказуемое выражено глаголами had, was, were, should, could.

Were it not so late, I would go for a walk. Не будь так поздно, я бы пошел гулять.

Could he have come then, he would have done it by all means. Мог бы он тогда прийти, он бы сделал это обязательно.

The structure it is / it was ... who/which/that    opens  the sentence. Предложение начинается словом именно....

It was there that they met. Именно там они и встретились. It was the dog’s barking which /that woke me up. What keeps me in shape is jogging.

It was me who understood everything. Именно я все понял.

     Summary:                There are two ways to invert the subject and the verb:

I. be / have / modal / auxiliary verb+Subject+Main verb( сказуемое-подлежащее-сказуемое)

It is used in the following cases:

a)    in questions: Is Peter taking an exam today?

b)    after the following words or expressions, when they come at the beginning of a sentence.

Seldom / Rarely                          редко

Little-                                            мало

Barely-                                         с трудом, чуть не..., едва, лишь, еле-еле

In vain-                                         напрасно, тщетно

Nowhere (else) /Never before   никогда  (ранее)

Not (even) once                           ни разу, никогда

On no account                            ни под каким видом, ни в коем случае

Only in this way                          только так

Only then                                     только тогда/ потом

Hardly (ever)...when                   едва...как

No sooner...than                         как только...так сразу

Not only...but (also)                   не только, но и..../ не только , но также

Not until/till                                 только после / к...

In no way                                     никоим образом, ни в коей мере, ничуть не

In/Under  no circumstances      ни при каких обстоятельствах, ни в коем случае

Never (before) have I seen such a beautiful woman.

Not only did they make a donation but they (also) promised to build a shelter for the homeless.

Seldom do we go out since the baby was born. (BUT: We seldom go out since the baby was born).

Only after she started working was she able to save some money.

Only if you follow my advice will you succeed.

c)   with so, neither, nor, as to express agreement.

I love chocolate ice cream. So do I.

I can’t stand violent films. Neither /Nor can I.

She was a talented musician, as was her sister  / and so was her sister.

d)  with should, were, had when they come at the beginning of an if-clause instead of if

Type 1: Should he call, tell him I’m out. (= If he should call....)

Type 2: Were I you, I wouldn’t trust her. (= If I were you...)

Type 3: Had I been told, I would have offered my help. (=If I had been told...)

II. Main verb+Subject  ( сказуемое-подлежащее )

It is used in the following cases:

a)    after verbs of movement or adverbial expressions of place when they come at the beginning of a sentence.

Outside the house was a sports car.

On the sofa sat an old man.

Here comes the bride.

!!!  BUT: Here she comes

There goes the bus.

b)    in direct speech when the subject of the introductory verb is a noun.

« I don’t like this hotel» , said Henry

!!!  BUT: «What can I do for you?» she asked.

PRACTICE

Exercise 1. Read and translate the sentences:

1) There was very little work done that day. 2)    Much good may it do you! 3)    You can’t do this job alone and neither can I. 4)    May you have a good time! 5)    Long live the friendship between our countries! 6)    So powerful was their friendship that nothing could shake it. 7)    Up sprang the larks in front of his feet. 8)    Hard as was the task, we did it. 9)    So long and deep was the silence that he looked up. 10) Difficult as was the music, the orchestra played it remarkably well. 11) Could I read French, I should translate this text for you. Many a time did they tell him not to open the door to grandfather’s room. 12) Then came the struggle... 13) Behind the victory lies a story of hard training over nearly  two years. 14) Thus spoke the poor girl. 15) Such was the picture, and he thrilled to the memory of it.

16) Opposite him was Arthur. 17) Never had  there been so full an assembly 18) In vain did they try to carry out the project. 19) Quietly and softly did we walk down-stairs,  keeping to the shady side. 20) So seriously did he speak that everybody believed him. 21) Not only did she help me, but she also sent me her books. 22) Hardly had we reached the football ground when the game started. 23) Little did they know about the poor boy’s life. 24) I haven’t got a ticket. Neither/Nor have I. 25) Never before had I been asked to accept a bribe. 26) Not only do they rob you, they smash everything too. 27) Not till he got  home did he realise that he had lost it. 28) On no account must this switch be touched. 29) He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from. 30)  He no sooner earns any money  than he spends it.

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences as in the example.

Example: You should remember to stay calm. -What you should remember is to stay calm.